Common
Language Runtime is the heart of .NET Framework used to manage the program
written in .NET Framework compatible language (E.g. C#, Vb.NET, J# etc.). In
other words, CLR is Execution Engine which executes the program for .NET
Framework.
It
provides a number of services, including the following:
ü Code
management (loading and execution)
ü Application
memory isolation
ü Verification
of type safety
ü Conversion
of IL to native code
ü Access
to metadata (enhanced type information)
ü Managing
memory for managed objects
ü Enforcement
of code access security
ü Exception
handling, including cross-language exceptions
ü Interoperation
between managed code, COM objects, and pre-existing DLLs
ü Automation
of object layout
ü Support
for developer services (profiling, debugging, and so on)
The
Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the virtual machine component of Microsoft's
.NET initiative. It is Microsoft's implementation of the Common Language
Infrastructure (CLI) standard, which defines an execution environment for
program code. The CLR runs a form of byte code called the Common Intermediate
Language (CIL, previously known as MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language)
How
CLR Works?
When
we write a program in .NET compatible language, then the compiler for C# or
VB.NET compiles the code in IL (Intermediate Language) or MSIL (Microsoft
Intermediate Language) and then IL will be the input of CLR's component Just in
Time compiler to produce machine independent code.
Apart
from the above CLR is also responsible for:
Memory
management
Thread
management
Exception
handling
Garbage
collection
Security
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